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 Introduction

LEPOSPONDYLI

EUREPTILIA

SYNAPSIDA

PARAREPTILIA

DIADECTOMORPHA

ANTHRACOSAUROIDEA

TEMNOSPONDYLI

UNIDENTIFIED TETRAPODS

Stratigraphic chart of the lower Permian (partial)

Phylogenetic Relationships

Content updated October 16, 2005

 

CTENOSPONDYLUS

Synapsida-Eupelycosauria-Sphenacodontidae

 

 

Above: picture in frontal view, of blade like neural spine of the same Ctenospondylus articulated lumbar vertebrae. From  Lake Frederick - Tillman Co. Oklahoma. Lower Permian.